Portable Fire Extinguishers

When used properly, portable fire extinguishers can save lives and property by putting out a small fire or containing it until the fire department arrives.

Portable fire extinguishers for home use, however, are not designed to fight large or spreading fires. Even for small fires they are useful only under certain conditions:

• The operator must know how to use the extinguisher. There is no time to read directions during an emergency.
• The extinguisher must be within easy reach and in working order, fully charged.
• The operator must have a clear escape route that will not be blocked by fire.
• The extinguisher must match the type of fire being fought. Extinguishers that contain water are unsuitable for use of grease and electrical fires.
• The extinguisher must be large enough to put out the fire. Many portable extinguishers discharge completely in as few as 8 to 10 seconds.

There are three basic classes of fires, and all extinguishers are labeled as to what type of fire they can put out. They will have standard symbols on them and if there is a red slash through a symbol that tells you it cannot be used on that kind of fire.

The three classes are:

• Class A: Ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper, cloth, and cardboard.
• Class B: Flammable liquids such as gasoline, oil, and oil-based paint.
• Class C: Electrical such as wiring, fuse boxes, circuit breakers and appliances.

What Size Extinguisher Should I Buy?

Portable fire extinguishers are also rated for the size of fire they can handle. This rating will appear on the label - for example, 2A:10B:C. The larger the numbers, the larger the fire that the extinguisher can put out ... but the higher-rated models are often much heavier. Make sure you can hold and operate an extinguisher before you buy it.

What You Need to Know About Installing and Maintaining Extinguishers ...

Fire extinguishers should be installed in plain view, above the reach of children, near an escape route and away from stoves and heating appliances.

Fire extinguishers require some routine care. Make sure you read your operator's manual to learn how to inspect your fire extinguisher. Follow the manufacturer's instructions on maintaining the extinguisher.

Rechargeable models must be serviced after every use (look in the Yellow Pages of your telephone directory under "Fire Extinguishers" for local companies that service them). The disposable fire extinguishers can be used only one time and must be replaced after use.

How to Use Your Fire Extinguisher ...

Always remember to keep your back to an unobstructed exit and stand six to eight feet away from the fire. Remember to PASS:

• PULL the pin: this unlocks the operating lever and allows you to discharge the extinguisher. Some extinguishers may have other lever release mechanisms.
• AIM low: point the extinguisher nozzle (or hose) at the BASE of the fire.
• SQUEEZE the lever above the handle ... this discharges the extinguishing agent. Releasing the lever will stop the discharge (some extinguishers have a button instead of a lever).
• SWEEP from side to side ... moving carefully toward the fire, keep the extinguisher aimed at the base of the fire and sweep back and forth until the flames appear to be out. Watch the fire area. If the fire reignites, repeat the process.

Should You Try to Fight the Fire?

Before you begin to fight a fire:

• Make sure everyone has left or is leaving the building
• Make sure the fire department has been called
• Make sure the fire is confined to a small area and is not spreading
• Make sure you have an unobstructed escape route to which the fire will not spread
• Make sure you have read the instructions and know how to use the extinguisher

For more information on the selection and use of portable fire extinguishers, see NFPA publication No. BKLT-2 Portable Fire Extinguishers, or call your local fire department.